The European Conflicts With Napoleon Bonaparte Of France

During the European conflicts with Napoleon Bonaparte of France, England would become a significant factor in the conflicts at sea due to the extensive Royal Navy. While France’s population was significant, France lacked the financial stability and the maritime vessels to effectively gain control in order to defeat Great Britain. The conflict between England and France was a major catalyst for the eventual War of 1812. In their seafaring battles, both England and France attempted to restrict supplies from reaching the other’s enemy. In this effort, both countries blocked the United States from trading with the other. This is specifically noted as England passed the Orders in Council. An additional sea related conflict involved England and France commandeering American vessels. England, in an act known as impressment, would also remove sailors from captured American vessels and force them to serve with the Royal Navy or face imprisonment. While Jefferson’s failed Embargo Act followed by the Non-Intercourse Act had already significantly impacted sea trade, it was the general belief of the new nation that England was to blame for the hardships encountered due to trade restrictions. Another formidable component of the War of 1812 was a group of Americans eager to declare war on England who would become known as the War Hawks. This politically charged group was motivated for war in order to increase land expansion for the United States through the acquisition of Canada. ThereShow MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonaparte A Hero Or A Villain?1624 Words   |  7 Pagesin the fact that Napoleon Bonaparte was a significant character in France. However, there have been debates among historians for years around the central question: â€Å"Was Napoleon Bonaparte a hero or a villain?† The answer here relies on how one looks upon the situation. Was Napoleon Bonaparte a savior to the French, or was he a tyrant to the French? Although many historians’ answers do rely deeply onto perspective, their answers also lie within which stage of life Napoleon Bonaparte was in, as wellRead MoreNapoleon s Position As The Leader Of France1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revoluti on marked a significant shift in the status of not only France but also Europe and the world as an entirety. In a period of uproar and uncertainty, the people of France saw themselves without a specific leader to alter the status of the country. By taking full control of almost every aspect of the country, Napoleon Bonaparte s position as the leader of France saw significant changes in the army, economic and social positions of the once powerful nation. In his rapidRead MoreNapoleon Bonapartes Position as a Great Man764 Words   |  3 PagesHistory has witnessed many great men who rose above their ordinary life and filled this position such as Napoleon Bonaparte. On June 18th 1815 in the town of Waterloo, Belgium, the Anglo-Allied forces and French army demonstrated their power under the command of Duke of Wellington and with leadership from Napoleon Bonaparte known as the Battle of Waterloo. After his return to France, Bonaparte assembled his infamous French army 72 000 men and proceed to attack the Anglo-Allied Forces of 118 000Read MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1481 Words   |  6 Pages Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who was determined and had strong ambition the helped him conquer most of Europe in just 30 years. He rapidly rose to power through promotions during the French revolution (1789-1799). After gaining power in France he crowned himself the emperor in 1804. He was an ambitious and skillful militant how staged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded the French empire howeverRead Moredomestic and foreign policies of Napoleon Bonaparte1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdown and going against the kings orders. They ended up killing the king and queen, and that is when Napoleon Bonaparte eventually came into the picture as a new leader after assassinating Maximilien Robespierre. In 1797, by the help of Pope Pius VII, Napoleon Bonaparte became first consul after overthrowing the Directory and establishing the Consulate. During his time as a leader of France, Napoleon appeared in some respects to be an enlightened ruler like his Civil Code, him ending feudalism, centralizingRead MoreEssay on Napoleon Bonapartes Life and Accomplishments1088 Words   |  5 Pagesprofound, Napoleon Bonaparte would one day control an empire that spanned across Europe and Asia, but he would not stop there, for Napoleon would seek to establish the e ntire world as his empire. The hard-fought wars Napoleon Bonaparte faced upon this conquest coupled with the naval prowess of the English would present a formidable challenge for Napoleon and had he not been stopped at Trafalgar, the world just may have become something completely different than we know it today. Napoleon BuonaparteRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1189 Words   |  5 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte is remembered as a more significant ruler who redefined the history of not only France but also Europe, and the world at large. Interestingly, he went about realizing his objectives by both continuing and breaking from the aims of the revolutionary predecessors. His battleground was critical to determine his prowess by either supporting or opposing the path that had been laid before him. Napoleon made tremendous contributions towards changing the political structure of FranceRead MoreLouisiana Purchase And The Louisiana1535 Words   |  7 Pagesin the history of the United States of America. Additionally, the Louisiana Purchase was made for many important reasons, and was influenced by certain factors. Without the help and guidance of important influential people and countries, war and conflict, and exploration and discovery, the Louisiana Purchase may not have be en as important is it is today, or may not have even been made. First of all, the Louisiana Purchase was guided along and influenced by certain people. These people were veryRead MoreEssay on Napoleon: A Leader Or Dictator.614 Words   |  3 Pages Napoleon: A Leader or Dictator. There are never ending inquiries on the nature of Napoleonic power. But reason can prove to one that the Age of Napoleon was infact a time of democratic rule. Through Political, Social, and Economical reforms, Napoleon Bonaparte did not only transcend France, but he changed the course of history for Europe and the World today. To begin, Napoleon proved himself a democratic leader thorough many Political reforms. In 1798-99, Napoleon, with the directorys blessingRead MoreHow Far Does Luck Explain the Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte?3147 Words   |  13 Pagesfall of Napoleon Bonaparte? Napoleon Bonaparte like many others rose to prominence during the turbulent times of the French revolution- he was therefore lucky to have been born at such a time in to justify his advancing position. However his reputation as a skilled tactician and strategist enabled him to initially capitalize on the reforms of the French Revolution to improve the lives of French citizens. Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as an important figure for re-establishing order in France and initially

The Creation Of New Inventions - 974 Words

If people are the same, can the creation of new inventions come into existence? How can society and individuals improve if there are no differences? In fact, innovation comes from the mind, but the uniqueness of people has led to these creations. Ever since the first incandescent lightbulb to the present age of rockets and computers, these inventions are what have helped society progress forward into a new era of life. However, how can people comprehend that a single person has created a complex innovation? To explain, a quote describing how to succeed in inventing while facing several obstacles is the analogy of â€Å"‘the confrontation between the stream and the rock, the stream always wins, not through strength but by perseverance’† (â€Å"A quote by H. Jackson Brown Jr.†). Going into detail, to overcome an obstacle does not mean physical strength is necessary to succeed, but through mental qualities is where success truly appears. For instance, making m istakes on a test can motivate a person to persevere and improve on the exam. Nevertheless, its creation comes from individuals, but not all humans can invent a revolutionizing innovation. Why? The characteristics of a person are how an invention is born. Inventors, such as Thomas Edison, did not revolutionize the world by sheer strength, but by their mental capabilities to achieve what they wanted to present to the world. That is their persona. People’s persona shows the aspect of their character and the presentation of who theyShow MoreRelatedThe Building Of Cultures By R. B. Dixon989 Words   |  4 PagesIn the chapter â€Å"Discovery and Invention†, he takes note to separate creation and discovery (conception) according to â€Å"purpose†, suggesting the two occur as a sequence: (accidental) conception, then (purposeful) creation. He then goes on to discuss the factors of each in detail. Conception is made up of identification, opportunity, and imagination t hat is appreciated. Invention is either â€Å"directional† or accidental, distinguished as being an improvement or entirely new(He borrows from the sociologistsRead MoreIntellectual Property And Technology : The Real World : Legal Matters Sweet As Candy1071 Words   |  5 Pagestalented inventor’s creations were constantly under seize by his competitors, specifically Mr. Slugworth, Mr. Fickelgruber, and Mr. Prodnose. Wonka went to extreme measures to ensure his trade secrets, creations, and technologies were kept safe from his competitors. The amount of effort put into protecting his secrets was incredibly overworked. The challenges Willy Wonka faced in protecting his secrets are literary example of the real world obstacles inventors face with their creations. In today’s technologicalRead MoreThe Invention Of The Incandescent Light Bulb By Thomas Alva Edison1540 Words   |  7 PagesAlva Edison was a renowned American inventor of the nineteenth century who has contributed greatly to the world. Edison is most famously known for his invention of the incandescent light bulb, but many people are blind to his other achievements that have contributed immensely to society. There was more to Thomas Edison than his numerous inventions. Paul B. Israel, Director and General Editor of the Thomas A. Edison Papers at Rutgers, describes Edison as a â€Å"symbol of mythic American past in whichRead MoreEthics And Intellectual Property Of Intellectual Properties1217 Words   |  5 PagesProperty When discussing a creation or idea, the creator of such concept must be rewarded. This must be the case for any situation. For most cases this is true, but because the ownership of such properties bring financial benefits, and or settlements, regulations will continue to challenge what is right or wrong when dealing with intellectual property. This is accurate for many industries, field, and markets. The owner ship of intellectual properties can take a creation or idea worldwide, the profitsRead MoreThe Economic Relations Between The Common People And Revenue Gaining People1596 Words   |  7 Pagesviewpoint on this multifaceted issue. Just like any type of law, patent law also has its strengths and weaknesses. This fact makes it important to understand the nature of the case and why protecting intellectual properties is important for creators, inventions are rights of parties and they hold full authority over it. There are many cases in which the rich and powerful benefit and succeed at the cost of those who are struggling and living in normal conditions. Some may understand patentRead MoreThe Invention Of The First Industrial Revolution1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Industrial Revolution Envision living in a society dominated by factories that just recently transformed from arable land and farms. Imagine constantly hearing about brand new inventions and ideas that were deemed impossible only a few years ago. Visualize working long hours in cramped factories, in exchange for low pay and contagious diseases. For some people that lived during the age of industrialization, this was their reality of life. During the 18th and 19th century, the world wasRead MoreWhat Is Innovation? State Two Innovations That Has Revolutionised The Current Market? Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagestranslating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value for which consumers will pay is called an innovation, an idea must be replicable at an economical cost and must satisfy a specific need. Innovation involves deliberal application of information, imagination and initiative in deriving different values from resources, and includes all processes by which new ideas are generat ed and converted into useful products. In a social context, innovation helps to create new methods for allianceRead MoreThe Dynamite1551 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the industrial revolution, many amazing inventions arose and because of them the world changed. Some of these inventions affected the world in a positive way and solved many problems. Yet other inventions were the cause of misery to the entire human kind. What about an invention that caused both joy and misery? It’s an invention that affects our world until this day. This invention is the Dynamite. Let me first introduce you to the inventor of the dynamite. The dynamite was invented by SwedishRead MoreThe Concepts of Innovation, Invention, and Creativity1511 Words   |  6 PagesInnovation, Invention and Creativity: The concepts of innovation, invention, and creativity have emerged as significant components for many organizations and in the business circle. These concepts are actually important to the success of individuals, organizations, organizational leaders, and nations. However, there have been considerable uncertainties regarding the meaning of each of these concepts and the differences that exist between them. Even after they have been used for several years, theseRead Moreart assignment Essay examples952 Words   |  4 PagesThere have been many inventions since the 19th century that has been incorporated in the artistic realm. Photography has created a new genre of art available to people. This invention allows people to see an image as it was meant to be which may have been something that could only be seen in the moment, like a fox and kits playing in the forest. Lights have affected almost every part of the average person’s everyday life and similarly, lighting has made art work change and created new options of expression

Development Of Restful Mashup Application -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Of Restful Mashup Application? Answer: Introduction As the GE has decided to use the SOA therefore it is important to determine the computing, storage infrastructure design management, data as well as application integration to have a unified view of the data collected from multiple data sources and are stored in different formats. The different sections of this report consist of discussion about the probable solutions for the storage design, data integrations that will help them in improving the processes that requires data collected from sources. Computing and storage infrastructure design As the organization is operating at different locations and requires a distributed computing and storage solution for all its IT needs. Thus, considering cost and effectiveness of different solutions it can be stated that, the organization should use rented services from the cloud services. The reasons behind this can be stated as the storage and the computing power of public clouds are available on internet. In addition to that, the service providers provide technical expertise for the deployment thus in other words the public clouds are easy to deploy. The public cloud service providers operate at quite good speed due to the optimization provided by the providers, which is also alluring to some enterprises. Thus require lesser amount of time is required for deployment. The services as well as resources are accessible quickly that saves time for the organization which may be required to develop and deploy the private cloud solution. In addition to that the adoption of the public cloud for the organization frees the organization from the responsibilities of maintaining the software and hardware systems. This maintenance is managed by the service providers. The IT staffs of the organization does not have to manage the cloud framework. No long term agreements are required for service providers. Most of the cloud service providers provides their services depending on the pay-as-you-go models. Thus the operation have to pay according to their usage of computing resources and storage. In addition to that, the organization will get more resources whenever they require it for their business. Thus the public gives the organization more flexibility to the organizations to manage the resources and storage as per their requirement. With all this advantage there are certain issues that needs to be kept in mind while renting some public cloud service. One of the most important issues that should be checked is the reliability of the services. As the data centres of the service providers are less secure compared to the private clouds. Application/service integration The organizations consist of numerous applications or systems that are used by different departments of the organization, which provides different services required every day the organization relies upon to complete their day to day business operations. This applications or systems may be licensed from a third party vendor or developed in-house. Thus, integration of this system or applications are important in better coordination of different operations of different departments of the organization. Mashups are one of the best example of application integration on the internet. This type of web application is capable of bringing together numerous sources of data in order to form and represent some unique combination of meaningful data. In this project a google map mash up application is developed which will help in finding and plotting marker on the location of the clinics that are provided in the merged data source clinic_location.csv. The RESTful web service will be responsible for retrieving a Json object containing the location details as well as other details about a clinic in a specific region. This mashup application will use ajax calls in order to mark the location using a marker on the google map. In order to map a specific location on the google map, it is important to know the specific longitude and latitude of that area or location. This mash up or integrated applications are important for following reasons, Interoperability- It is the most important aspect of the application integration. Various modules of the employed infrastructure may be deployed on different data formats, operating systems as well as programing languages thus may prevent connection for other services using a standard interface. Data integration for the different applications or systems- For any distributed, and modular system used in the organization, a standard process for handling the data flow between different applications is important as it enforces consistency across the database or the format of the data that is used by different applications. Stability, Scalability and Robustness- This three attributes acts as vital factors that impacts on the performance of the system modules that holds the infrastructure. The integration of the applications must be stable, robust as well as scalable to meet the requirements of the organization. Information integration Presently there are mainly three approaches are used for data integration. Which are, schema integration, procedural approach and lastly the query oriented approach. In case of the schema integration based approach, input to this process is a pool of data sets. Every data set is constituted by actual data and a schema that defines the structure of the dataset. The main goal is to deliver a reconciled and unified view of the collected data from the different sources. This process does not interfere into the autonomy of the datasets as well as their sources. This process deals with the read-only integration of the data. Therefore, this a reconciled view of the unified dataset is only used for answering user queries and not for updating the records. In case of the procedural approach, data collected from different sources are integrated in an ad-hoc manner according to the set of predefined information needs of an organization or user. In procedural approach the integration of data is dependent on the two components mediators and wrappers. Wrappers are useful in encapsulating the sources of the data. In addition to that it also helps in the conversion of the core data objects into some common data model. The mediators are required in obtaining information from a single or multiple wrappers. The mediators can obtain or extract data from other mediators. After this stage the mediators refines the obtained information by resolving conflicts among the different pieces of information collected from numerous data sources. The refined data is then provided to either to the other mediators or to the users. The last approach is query-oriented approach. In this approach, the goal is modeling of the collected data at the sources by using some suitable language. This can be extended SQL or some kind of declarative logic-based language. In order to build a unified representation or view of the collected data and refer to such a demonstration at the time of querying any global information system. In addition to that deriving query answers by using some suitable mechanisms to access accessing the data sources or to the materialized views of the unified data. Demo introduction For this project there are two data files (clinic.csv and another is location.xml) are available that needs to be cleaned, merged and integrated to get some meaningful data. As two data files are in different formats. Therefore, we used xml, sys and Petl packages in Python. We first converted the xml file into csv data set so that it can be used with clinic.csv file. We used following code snippet for this conversion of the dataset. import petl as etl from xml.dom import minidom, Node import sys def scanNode(node, file=sys.stdout, level = 0): if node.hasChildNodes(): for child in node.childNodes: scanNode(child, file, level + 1) else: if node.nodeValue.strip() != "": file.write(node.nodeValue + ',') if node.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE: if node.hasAttributes(): file.write(node.attributes.item(0).nodeValue + ',') if level == 2: file.write("n") DOMTree = minidom.parse('locations.xml') file = open('locations1.csv', 'w') file.write("Name,Suburb,Lat,Lonn") scanNode(DOMTree, file) file.close() table1=etl.fromcsv('locations1.csv') print (table1) table2=etl.fromcsv('clinics.csv') print (table2) table=etl.join(table1,table2,key='Suburb') print (table) etl.tocsv(table,'clinic_locations1.csv') after the merger the cleaned data looks like following, In order to get results from the RESTful web service demo, at first we have to execute the clinic locator.py program using any python IDE so that the web service can retrieve the data from the clinic_locations.csv data file. The successful execution of the web service server is shown below, After the web service is started, mashup application needs to be launched which is the clinic_map.html. on this page the user needs to input a postal code in which they want to find the clinic. If the web service finds any matching data in the merged csv file that consist the similar postal code, then the web service returns a JSON data object to the mashup application which then consumed by the application to plot a marker on the google map. Conclusion The system and data integration is important in the present scenario for the organizations and users as this integration of applications are helpful in providing a unified view of the data collected from numerous sources and formats. The web service application and the mashup application developed in this project is helpful in providing a unified view about the different details of the clinic on the map. References Erlingsson, U., Xie, Y., Livshits, B. and Fournet, C., Microsoft Corp, accounting.Enhanced security and performance of web applications. U.S. Patent 8,677,141. Lin, H.Y. and Huang, J.L., 2014, August. A Web API Aggregation Service for Mobile Mashup Applications. InIntelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP), 2014 Tenth International Conference on(pp. 73-76). IEEE. Zhang, F., Hwang, K., Khan, S.U. and Malluhi, Q.M., 2016. Skyline discovery and composition of multi-cloud mashup services.IEEE Transactions on Services Computing,9(1), pp.72-83.

Knowledge Management Processes and Technologies

Abstract The strategic resource that mainly applies in many organisations is knowledge; however, the potential for knowledge to develop is not fully exploited. There are various events that limit the growth of knowledge, among them is the variety in the management concepts of knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management: Processes and Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The methods as well as tools used in the company also hinder the development of knowledge as they involve the developmental goals together with the situation of the company. It is important to understand the dynamic functions of knowledge as applied in business. The methodological framework is introduced so as to assist businesses in identifying the importance of change and also to handle the management function successfully. The paper seeks to educate companies on the best methods they can use the knowledge they have and also improve on the knowledge. Introduction There is a necessity for companies to have three most important assets that include natural resources, cheap labour and also knowledge. In the three assets, knowledge is the asset that has the possibility of being maintained for a long period. Thus, knowledge can be used in terms of delivering advantages to the company in the long run (Christensen, 2003). In the modern business environment, knowledge is the key resource in running a business successfully. It is not static but rather dynamic; this is because of the ever changing economic environment as a result of globalization. In order to overcome the challenge, knowledge management requires getting support and addressing the personnel of the company, IT and the organization of the company. The activities in knowledge management and investment must target the processes of the company. As a result, companies need to have comprehensive knowledge and understand how to implement the metho d formulated by KM (Dalkir, 2005). Analysis Concepts The level of the economy and the social being of the company result from a change in the processes in the company, and knowledge is a major cause in the changes. However, there are also influences in the society that include the environment surrounding the company and also the changing level of technology (Dixon, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Irrespective of the fact that the change process is complex, and several drivers may get involved in the process at the same time, it is worth investigating and also describing the change process that occurs due to knowledge. These change processes involve activities that are knowledge related and result in the transferring of the current knowledge to the targeted knowledge. The activities depend on enablers that are involved with knowledge management. It includes aspects suc h as technology, individual and also organisational issues (Hlupic, 2003). Knowledge-based change processes With the understanding of the role of knowledge that is ever changing and its relation to employment, competition and growth companies should understand the importance for the improvement of the various types of knowledge (Maier, 2007). Companies should embrace the specific assessment of the company and also case based assessments so as to increase the potential value of the investment. It also gets applied in the definition of suggestions as well as recommendations that are useful in increasing the knowledge of the company. The company should also develop maturity in its management and be in a position to advance. The growth of qualitative, as well as quantitative methodological approaches, is also devised together with the implementation and formulation of the required policies in the knowledge market (O’Dell Hubert, 2011). Methodological framework for unlocking the developmental potential of knowledge The ideas in the paper vary in several ways in terms of scientific concept of knowledge; it is not an easy concept irrespective of the fact that science is around. It is worth distinguishing the difference between information, data and knowledge. It emerges that information is data that has been organised and, on the other hand, knowledge is information that is clearly understood (Rollett, 2003). Therefore, there is a need for economic agents to intervene in both knowledge and information. There should also be an evaluation of knowledge and information, which should be accounted for due to the potential they have. In such a context, the cycle of knowledge should be studied; however, the previous analysis is related to management and accountancy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management: Processes and Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Knowledge also nee ds to be viewed as a resource and analysed so as to confront and solve problems. Knowledge should also be observed as a stock that involves an investment, and results are derived (Renzl, 2006). There are considerable numbers of ways in which updates can be observed; first, the management of the company needs to state problems in that particular company. It includes the problems that need to be solved in an environment where the problem is located. It involves the data about the company, the IT systems in the company and the management knowledge. The present state of implementation of knowledge and also the formulated volume of investment with reference to the activities of KM need to be addressed (Bergeron, 2003). The environment of the company refers to the educational skills of the employees in the company, the size of the company, the region. It is of importance to consider the environment because of its influence in the selection of the KM process. The IT system in the company c an also be adjusted to meet the standards required (Christensen, 2003). Much contribution is made to the field in that the KM standards, as well as the fitting tools, can be recommended so as to realise change. The recommendations should however be given together with a description of the circumstances and a checklist on the implementation. The possible characteristics that can filter the results of a similar specification can be used in the aspects of KM (Dalkir, 2005). They are influenced by technology, management in the organisation and human resources. Limitation in the process of change including the level of investment available is also another aspect that needs to get consideration. In addition, the coherence in methods of change might get considered and also discussed in the case that it is of importance for them to perform effectively. It may result in the formulation of the path that comprises of different methods as well as activities that can be applied in future (Dixon, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Companies can make the best out of knowledge. It is, therefore, required of the companies to manage the knowledge they have so as to unlock their potential in the development. For this to be achieved, it is necessary to have a set of methods that aid the organisation in intervening in their main processes. The intervention can mainly occur due to the problems in the company or situation that has not been fully addressed (Hlupic, 2003). A routine check-up is a methodological framework that can also get applied in defining the importance of knowledge clinic. The clinic would enhance companies to move from the present maturity they have to the level of maturity that is desired. It also enables companies to conduct sensitivity assessment on the investment they have based on their knowledge (Maier, 2007). There is a question of why companies should change the direction and follow a new path. The insight offered by the responses indicates that input data should be analysed by benchmarking and also clustering methods. The relationship between investing into knowledge and the priorities of the activities that are related to knowledge result in the conclusion that there is a need to invest further in KM or that there is a need to refocus the activities involved. The results indicate the attitude of the company on the issues of knowledge with respect to other companies. Similar companies are represented in the diagram, and their priorities are indicated. They are also compared to the activities in the company that is related to knowledge. On the case that the results obtained from the company are different from other similar companies, the attitude of that particular company towards knowledge, its priorities as well as investments should be investigated. The results of the investigation should be indicated in the problems in KM (Dixon, 2000). It is important to specify the problems further so as to aid the company in identifying the problems fully. The use of the functi onality in identifying the problem can be of help to companies in identifying the problems. The company should look into the symptoms that are provided and have a decision tree in place so as to self-direct towards the most appropriate solutions. The support function is similar to the input on the problem-symptom matrix and gives the possible causes of the problems. The company, therefore, has the chance of improving its performance (Christensen, 2003). It is worth noting that the coherence among the methods can get pointed as well as discussed, if it is significant for the two to work effectively. However, there are questions on whether the working of the two can result in the development of the pathway that has been composed of the different means as well as activities to get applied and implemented simultaneously (O’Dell Hubert, 2011). References Bergeron, B. (2003). Essentials of Knowledge Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Christensen, P. H. (2003). Knowledge ma nagement: Perspectives and pitfalls. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press. Dalkir, K. (2005). Knowledge management in theory and practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann. Dixon, N. M. (2000). Common knowledge: How companies thrive by sharing what they know. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press. Hlupic, V. (2003). Knowledge and business process management. Hershey, Pa: Idea Group. Maier, R. (2007). Knowledge management systems: Information and communication technologies for knowledge management. Berlin: Springer Berlin. O’Dell, C. S., Hubert, C. (2011). The new edge in knowledge: How knowledge management is changing the way we do business. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons. Renzl, B. (2006). The future of knowledge management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Rollett, H. (2003). Knowledge management: Processes and technologies. Boston, Mass. [u.a.: Kluwer Academic Publ. This essay on Knowledge Management: Processes and Technologies was written and submitted by user D0ct0rSpectrum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gothic Architecture in Chartres Cathederal essays

Gothic Architecture in Chartres Cathederal essays In the early 1100s, the French Arch Bishop thought it was time for a new place to worship god. The architects of the time figured out that if you use a new type of arch-like structures on the outsides of the walls calles flying buttresses then you can cut the thickness of the walls into the fraction of the size that it would need to be with the walls of Chartres Cathederal being as tall as they were. This would inturn make the walls open for more windows and were filled with colored glass that are called stained glass. This let people worship god in the light that he was meant to be worshipped in. The Gothic style was one rooted in architecture and any other forms of art were basically created to help embellish the houses of the Lord. Gothic churches were - in contrast to the Romanesque churches - very "light". The belief in divine light and the powers it contained had a great deal to do with how Gothic cathedrals were constructed. Gothic architects solved the problem of very little light coming through the windows, by conceiving of a superior form of building. How'd they do that? Well, instead of having large walls with large interior support - as in Romanesque style - the Gothic churches were made of "exoskeletons". In other words, the church itself was like a skeleton with the walls and windows hanging as skin, off of this skeleton. Also, the weight of the construction was transferred from the interior to the exterior by way of what is known as the "flying buttress" system - massive piers on the outside of the church. With heavy walls no longer needed, walls were freed up for large, light colored stained glass windows. And like God said Let there be light was able to happen in he churches. In todays society not many people know about the Gothic style of architecture. Back in the 1100s the new Gothic style of architecture was able to show many new architectural features including flying butresses,...

Certificado para demostrar ciudadanía estadounidense

Certificado para demostrar ciudadanà ­a estadounidense El certificado de ciudadanà ­a estadounidense es un documento emitido por el gobierno de Estados Unidos que sirve para acreditar que una persona tiene la nacionalidad estadounidense. Su nombre en inglà ©s es Certificate of Citizenship. Certificado de ciudadanà ­a estadounidense El certificado de ciudadanà ­a es un documento que se puede utilizar para acreditar la nacionalidad de EE.UU. en los siguientes casos:Estadounidenses nacidos en otro paà ­s que adquieren la nacionalidad a travà ©s de padre/madre en momento de nacimientoNià ±os extranjeros adoptados por estadounidensesMenores de 18 aà ±os nacidos fuera de EE.UU. que se convierten en ciudadanos de forma derivada cuando uno de los padres se naturaliza y se cumplen todos los requisitos.Casos especiales para muchachos menores de 18 aà ±os a fecha de 27 de febrero de 2001 y se encontraban en EE.UU. como residentes permanentes.En todos los dems casos no incluidos en los tres anteriores los ciudadanos estadounidenses pueden acreditar su condicià ³n por medio de otros documentos.  ¿Quià ©nes pueden solicitar el Certificado de ciudadanà ­a? Pueden solicitar este certificacià ³n las personas que recaen en una de las categorà ­as siguientes: En primer lugar, las personas que nacen en otro paà ­s y son ciudadanos americanos a travà ©s de padre o madre desde el momento de su nacimiento. Cabe destacar que la ley actual contempla requisitos diferentes si el progenitor americano es el padre o la madre o si son solteros o casados. La ley actual aplica a las personas nacidas despuà ©s del 17 de noviembre de 1986. Para las nacidas con anterioridad a esa fecha debern comprobar la ley que se aplicaba en el momento de su nacimiento. En segundo lugar, los nacidos fuera de Estados Unidos y que adquieren la ciudadanà ­a de forma derivada por sus padres en algà ºn momento despuà ©s de su nacimiento y antes de cumplir los 18 aà ±os de edad. Hay que tener en cuenta que si el que se  naturaliza es el padre,  los hijos han de ser legà ­timos o ser legitimados antes de que los menores cumplan los 16 aà ±os y adems tienen que vivir con el padre que los legitima. Adems, es requisito imprescindible que los menores tengan su propia tarjeta de residencia permanente y residan habitualmente en EE.UU. con el padre o la madre que se naturaliza. En otras palabras, si el menor de 18 aà ±os reside fuera de los EE.UU. o, residiendo en el paà ­s, no tiene su propia green card, no adquiere de forma automtica la nacionalidad estadounidense cuando su padre o madre se naturaliza. Tampoco la adquiere si no convive con el progenitor que se naturaliza. En tercer lugar, los  adoptados por un ciudadano estadounidense. Los nacidos fuera de Estados Unidos que son adoptados por un ciudadano  y que entran al paà ­s como un IR-3 adquieren automticamente la ciudadanà ­a. En el caso de que la adopcià ³n no fuera final, deber esperar a que à ©sta se produzca. Estas personas tambià ©n pueden acreditar su nueva nacionalidad con este certificado. Y en cuarto lugar, los casos especiales de los extranjeros que eran menores de 18 aà ±os antes del 27 de febrero de 2001 y que vivà ­an en Estados Unidos como residentes permanentes legales pueden tambià ©n solicitar un certificado de ciudadanà ­a si: Antes de esa fecha ambos padres se naturalizarono en el caso de viudedad lo hizo el padre sobrevivienteo en los casos de separacià ³n o divorcio o semejantes solo uno de los padres tenà ­a la guardia y custodia sobre el menor y à ©ste es el progenitor que se naturalizà ³. Los ciudadanos estadounidenses no incluidos en los casos anteriormente expuestos pueden acreditar su nacionalidad mediante otros documentos como, por ejemplo, el pasaporte de EE.UU., el certificado de nacimiento o el de naturalizacià ³n, el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior, etc. Trmites para pedir el certificado de ciudadanà ­a Como regla general y salvo la excepcià ³n que se especifica en este artà ­culo ms abajo, debe llenarse la  planilla a rellenar es la N-600  para solicitar el certificado de ciudadanà ­a. Es importante resaltar que se puede completar esta planilla en cualquier momento, incluso despuà ©s de cumplir los 18 aà ±os.   Lo importante es que los requisitos se cumplà ­an todos antes de cumplir esos aà ±os. Si se solicita el certificado de ciudadanà ­a para un menor, puede hacerlo a su nombre el padre o madre o guardin legal que tenga la guardia y custodia legal y fà ­sica del nià ±o o nià ±a. No pueden rellenar la planilla N-600 las personas que se encuentren en una de las siguientes situaciones: los hijastros de ciudadanos americanos, para los que sà ­ se puede solicitar una tarjeta de residencia.Tampoco pueden solicitar este certificado los hijos no reconocidos como legà ­timos por su padre ciudadano antes de cumplir los 16 aà ±os de edad.  Ni las personas que han llenado previamente este formulario y el USCIS ya se ha pronunciado. Asimismo tener en cuenta que en el caso de hijos de ciudadanos que residen habitualmente fuera de los Estados Unidos el formulario a llenar es el N-600K. Adems,tanto si corresponde el N-600 como el N-600K  debe incluirse una serie de documentacià ³n para acreditar la ciudadanà ­a y la causa por la que se adquirià ³. Verificar el listado de todos la papelerà ­a que es necesaria y prestar atencià ³n ya que los requisitos varà ­an segà ºn la causa por la que se alega que se es ciudadano. El arancel a pagar es de $1.170 y es gratis para miembro en activo o veteranos del Ejà ©rcito. Se puede pagar mediante money order o cheque pagadero al U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Nunca utilizar abreviaciones y se deben observar todas las reglas necesarias para completar las planillas de inmigracià ³n. Por à ºltimo, el formulario firmado y la documentacià ³n adjunta debe enviarse por correo ordinario a: USCISP.O.Box 20100Phoenix, AZ 85036 Sin embargo, si se utiliza el servicio de correo exprà ©s, la direccià ³n es la siguiente: USCISAttn: Form N-6001820 E. Skyharbor Circle SSuite 100Phoenix, AZ 85034 En la actualidad es posible llenar este formulario online en la pgina oficial de USCIS. Quà © hacer si el certificado de ciudadanà ­a se extravà ­a, se daà ±a o es robado En estos casos se puede solicitar uno de reemplazo. Para ello completar el formulario N-565 y enviarlo al USCIS con la documentacià ³n de apoyo y el pago de la cuota correspondiente. Tips sobre la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense La ciudadanà ­a americana brinda, sin duda, excelentes ventajas e incluso derechos ms importantes que ser simplemente residente permanente. Pero no olvidar que tambià ©n conlleva obligaciones, como por ejemplo el Servicio Selectivo para el caso de varones jà ³venes.   Por à ºltimo, aunque Estados Unidos admite las situaciones de doble nacionalidad, informarse sobre las causas que pueden dar lugar a que se pierda la ciudadanà ­a o que à ©sta pueda ser revocada. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Dark Ages in the Western Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dark Ages in the Western Europe - Essay Example There were constant battles amongst Lords from all over Europe. (Paul B. Newman 121-124). This was as a result of Rome having been in power for a very long period of time, that is, 700 years. The emperor was the ruler of everything. This is what stimulated individuals to wage war in a bid of rising to power and land acquisition. The fighting had various adverse effects among them being destruction of the resources and stagnation of the cultural growth. In addition to this, it is inevitable in any fighting, there were lots of lives of innocent individuals that were lost in battle as the Lords fought with each other to quench their thirst and hunger for power and land. This resulted in children losing their parents, husband losing their wives and vice-versa and so forth. As a result of the lives lost, there was a decrease in the population which in turn led to economic depression. This is because the merchants and traders had reduced number of people that would buy their goods. This le d to the accumulation of their products hence resulting in merchants and other traders operating at a loss.Another issue was to do with reduced attention given to buildings in terms of expansion and architectural development (Morris Berman pg 14-15). It is until the 8th century that there arose a renewed interest in the Romanesque architecture.In terms of technology, despite of the notable positive impacts that come with it, there was retarded development. There was insignificant contribution by scientists

'Trading Places'Film Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

'Trading Places'Film Review - Essay Example They take things for granted that the homeless people do not. The upper class citizens have no idea what it is like to be homeless. The upper-class-level of wealth is glorified simply because two powerful brokers have taken power that they have and have used two people as pawns in their social experiment. The characters have a class consciousness because they both know that neither of them belong in the class that they have ‘accidentally’ been led to. The whole concept of nature versus nurture comes into consideration. When they trade places, they become different people. It would be difficult for a white man to go to a lower lifestyle than he is used to though it would be quite compelling for a poor homeless man to all of a sudden have access to money and luxury. A sociological environment certainly comes into consideration when it affects who the person is and how they identify in class

Article Critique Essay Example for Free

Article Critique Essay The author of this article is a Canadian who has raised the alarm on the increasing number poverty stricken people hence springing up of ghettos in big cities. The author rhetorically is asking a question whether there are ghettos in Canadian cities. The author is coming up with many ghetto synonyms but yet they are of not the same meaning. The name like enclave sound more ethnical and it has been described as a grouping of people from the same ethnic group living in a low income earning or a poor neighbourhood. The article pinpoints that in the year 2001 families residing in high poverty levels doubled the year 1981. The message in the article is directed to the authorities in these cities to get warned of a looming crisis and look for ways to alter the trend. The message is not has to any group that it mentions that is the people from the enclaves and the ghettos. The article has outlined many causes of ghettos in Canadian cities. Poverty has been rated as the number one cause and this article gives figures from the research to substantiate its claim. The exact time is given when immigration policy of Canada was changed and the change swung Canada into a cultural and social crisis or socio cultural crisis. According to the authorities and the research that has been carried out immigration puts Canadian cities on spotlight of having many poor neighbourhoods. The author also makes a comparison between Canadian and American cities whereby Canadian cities are going more enclave than ghettos in America. In American cities the traditional definition of a ghetto is a residential district that concentrates racial Enclave tends to collect people of the same ethnic background together while ghettos collect poor people from various ethnic backgrounds. In both cases, people involved are affected by poverty and low income level. From one of the researches that have been done, the article reveals that an alarm was raised about the growth of neighbourhood poverty in Canada. The article pinpoints groups of people who make up the population who end up to the ghettos. Their background is partly covered by poverty and the article further expose that these are immigrants from Asia, Africa, West Indies and Latin America. The research that was conducted showed that between 1971 and 2001 is the period when the majority of the Canadian population was born in the back mentioned countries. Nevertheless, some cities like London there are no ghettos and this is due to the efforts of the councils. However, I take the article head to mention that it does not clearly outline and show the consequences of the increasing population in ghettos and mushrooming of ghettos and enclaves. In many a times these nighbourhoods have been associated with crime and drugs. Does is it mean the researches that were conducted didn’t capture these common phenomenon that is associated with ghettos? Furthermore, the article does not highlight any ways that have been adopted to combat the expanding ghettos and enclaves without necessarily disrupting the social cultural set of these people in the ghettos. Reference: Walks, A. R. Bourney, L. S. (2006). The Canadian Geographer Publication:

Art Trends In The 1920s :: Art

Art Trends In The 1920's The art of the 20th century contained many elements previous styles that had begun in the late 19th century. The Impressionists had abandoned the appearance of nature to concentrate on color and its relation to the quality of light. (Collier's Encyclopedia, 745) This was then abandoned for a kind expressionism, a personal and subjective style created. A number of outstanding 20th century artists working outside the many movements of art created works of great individuality. (Collier's Encyclopedia, 745) Some major trends of the art in the 1920's were Impressionism, Art Deco, Cubism, Abstract Art, and Realism. Impressionism is the movement in painting and music. The impressionist movement is often considered to mark the beginning of the modern period in art. The primary object is to achieve a spontaneous, undetailed rendering of the world through careful representation of the effect of natural light on objects. ("Impressionism", Encarta) Art Deco, was used primarily in furniture, jewelry, textiles, and interior decoration. Art Deco grew out of a conscious effort to simplify the elaborate of the century, Art Nouveau. Art Deco became more geometric and linear as objects increasingly massed produced. Art Deco was a style of decorative are and architecture that was popular in the 1920's. ("Art Deco", Encarta) Cubism, a movement in modern art, especially painting, that was primarily concerned with abstract forms rather than lifelike representation. ("Cubism", Encarta) Abstract Art, is art that uses forms having no direct reference to external or perceived reality. ("Abstract Art", Encarta) Realism, in art is an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures and objects exactly as they appear in life. ("Realism", Encarta) There were many types of art in the 1920's, but the main ones were Impressionism, Art Deco, Cubism, Abstract Art, and Realism.

Allusion: Literal meaning Essay

I would have such a fellow whipped for o’erdoing Termagant (II,ii,14)Hamlet is giving instructions to the troupe of actors that has come to the castle. These actors are going to perform a play within a play and Hamlet has added some lines to the play in the hope of exposing Claudius’ treachery. â€Å"Termagant† is an allusion to a god that Elizabethans believed Muslims worshipped. It out herods Herod (III,ii,14)Herod is the king in the Bible that had John the Baptist beheaded and was responsible for Jesus’ death. This allusion is particularly important to Hamlet because like Claudius, Herod married his brother’s wife. John the Baptist told Herod that this was evil, so Herod’s wife Herodias instructed her daughter to ask for the head of John the Baptist, a request with which Herod complied. Hamlet is telling the players not to overdo their acting, not to be more like Herod than Herod himself. â€Å"For O, For O, the hobbyhorse is forgot†Hamlet is talking to Ophelia. It is right before the play is to be performed. He looks at his mother and Claudius and complains that they have forgotten all about his father, who has only died two hours ago. Ophelia tells him it has been four months. Hamlet’s response continues his pretext of being mad because he replies that his father has been dead two months, trying to convince Ophelia further that he is mad, but if a man is to be remembered after six months, he must build churches, otherwise he will not be remembered any more than a prostitute. The hobby horse allusion refers to a player in the pagan May-Day festivals and is sometimes associated with prostitutes

Asian Cuisine

Like many other global cuisines, Asian cuisine is as varied as the countries on the continent. Asian cuisine is very much a part of the culture and history of the Asian countries but there are some food commonalities between the various cultures. In Asian cooking, the emphasis is on smaller portions, smaller amounts of meats and plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Unlike the Asian-hybrid cooking that can be found elsewhere, traditional Asian food preparation involves very little fat, and very rarely is anything deep fried. While there are few commonalities binding Asian cuisine, there are many more differences that are based primarily on location. East Asian cuisine encompasses Chinese and Japanese cuisines as well as cuisines from Taiwan and Korea. Chinese cuisine is perhaps most famous for its Peking Duck as well as the myriad dumplings, steamed buns and stir-frys that are staples of Chinese cooking. Be sure to try different styles of Chinese cuisine such as Cantonese or Shandong. Chinese usually eat congee porridge for breakfast. China is also renowned for its many varieties of tea; this ancient beverage has been enjoyed for thousands of years in China. Japanese cuisine focuses on the freshness of ingredients and foods that are prepared more simply but with great finesse. Theirs is a very healthy cuisine, and they are known for eating myriad varieties of fresh fish. A must see market for foodies and culinary travelers in Japan, is the Tsukiji Market which is the world’s largest fish market. Have some sushi for breakfast, while watching all the hustle of the market. South Asian cuisine is also known as Desi cuisine and includes the exotic flavors of India. India has plenty of restaurants but the street food culture remains ever popular. This no frills kind of eating is particularly popular in Delhi. Also popular on a more global scale is Thai food. Pad Thai is universally recognized as the national dish of Thailand, and makong is a kind of Thai whiskey that has become much more affordable since the government started taxing beer and thus much more popular. Makong is the primary ingredient in Thailand’s welcome drink, the Sabai Sabai. The island nation of Laos has laap as its national dish but also popular is a salad called tam mak houng, made from green papayas. In the capital city of Vientiane, Laos you can drink a Beerlau at Sala Sunset Khounta boat on the banks of the Mekong while watching the sunset. The Philippines is well known for the adobo cooking style which is a preparation of chicken or pork that is braised slowly in vinegar, garlic, oil and soy sauce until very tender and nearly dry. In Vietnam, pho is of course the national specialty. Bali Indonesia’s national dish is nasi goreng and in Cambodia one can find amok, a dish of curried and steamed fish, as the national dish. On the islands of Java, or Sumatra, see if you can drink the rarest and most expensive coffee in the world, called Kopi Luwak, it’s made from coffee berries that have passed through the digestive system of Indonesian monkeys (also known as a Palm Toddy Cat). Southwestern Asian cuisine begins to borrow flavors and ingredients typically indigenous to countries in the Middle East, though they retain the focus on freshly prepared and simple dishes that are nutritious and packed with flavor. Asian cuisine is exotic and flavorful. The clever use of cooking techniques and spices has transformed what were originally humble peasant food dishes into specialties that are now known the world over. Conversely, with many Asian countries having a separate cuisine for the historical ruling King or Royal Family, the dichotomy between humble and royal food has lessened and dishes that were once only served to royalty can now be found in any common Thai restaurant. Nonetheless, traveling through Asia takes you on a tour not only of wildly exotic countries but of foods that are distinctly different from country to country.

3 Ways LinkedIn Times Are AChangin

3 Ways LinkedIn Times Are AChangin Vinyl is making a comeback, 40 is the new 30, and snail mail often makes a bigger impression than email. Indeed, as years go by, a lot of things are changing. And a lot of things are moving â€Å"backward† as they move forward. I’ve been hyper-aware of this phenomenon lately. But I have also been fascinated by how new technologies are replacing, or supplementing, the way things have been done in the past. I thought I’d share with you some of the interesting shifts happening in this regard in the world of LinkedIn. 1. Your LinkedIn profile is being used to evaluate your credit risk! Loan qualification isn’t just about credit scores anymore. Lenders now consult social media to gain a more comprehensive picture of loan applicants before shelling out dough. Lending Club and Prosper are two companies who use the information you share online (Facebook and LinkedIn updates, tweets, and blog posts) to evaluate your application. And DRB Student Loan has built a proprietary model that parses metadata from social media channels to build a reliability score that can supplement your FICO. If you as a borrower can show on social media that you are hard-working, dependable, and likely to honor financial commitments, perhaps you will pass the character test for getting a loan. See Could Your LinkedIn Profile Be Your New Credit Score? 2. LinkedIn could be the new U.S. News and World Report. For 30 years (and for as long as I can remember), U.S. News World Report has been the go-to publication for college rankings. I was not able to determine from Google research when they began publishing graduate school rankings as well, but I know that my first step in determining top schools has always been U.S. News World Report.Then, in early 2015, LinkedIn introduced its University Rankings and Graduate School Rankings based on how many successful professionals in various fields attended each university. This is a very limited criterion compared with the complex algorithm used by U.S. News World Report. However it could be quite useful! Here’s a sample of what you’ll find if you want to know the best schools to attend to be an accounting professional: 3. About.me is competing with LinkedIn for college students’ attention. As LinkedIn becomes more powerful, some platforms are going after its gaps and filling them. About.me, a personal homepage website, is launching a new Campus section that aims to help college students shine even if they don’t have enough work experience to create a robust LinkedIn profile. On about.me, a â€Å"Campus Faves† program has been created where students will be able to nominate themselves to be one of 15-20 students who are featured each week. Students can also be nominated by a professor or by their college’s career services department. If being chosen as a Campus Fave becomes a known indicator of extraordinary leadership qualities, then the status of being a Fave could make a difference in a student’s attractiveness as a job seeker! About.me will also be making strides in the area of matching students with internships. Important note: About.me will in no way replace LinkedIn, and in fact every about.me profile has a link available to the person’s LinkedIn profile. Have you noticed other surprising places where LinkedIn is becoming influential, or where other platforms are encroaching on what has seemed to be LinkedIn’s territory? Will LinkedIn buy about.me? What do you think? Please share your thoughts below! 🙂 Log in to Reply

The Chemistry of Love

The Chemistry of Love According to Dr. Helen Fisher, a researcher at Rutgers University, chemistry and love are inextricable. Shes not speaking, though, of the chemistry that makes two people compatible. Instead, shes speaking of the chemicals that are released into our bodies as we experience lust, attraction, and attachment. Chemicals in Each Stage of Love We may think that were using our heads to govern our hearts, but in fact (at least to a degree) were simply responding to the chemicals that help us experience pleasure, excitement, and arousal. Dr. Fisher says there are three stages of love, and each is driven to a degree by a particular set of chemicals.  Ã‚  There is a lot of chemistry involved in feeling attachment, sweaty palms, butterflies in your stomach, etc. Take a look at some of the key biochemical players. Stage 1: Lust If youre feeling eager for a sexual encounter with someone (even if youre not quite sure who youll end up with), chances are youre reacting to the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen. Both of these hormones play an important role in increasing libido in both men and women. Testosterone and estrogen are generated as a result of messages from the hypothalamus of the brain. Testosterone is a very  potent aphrodisiac. Estrogen can make women more libidinous around the time they ovulate (when estrogen levels are at their peak). Stage 2: Attraction Lust is fun, but it may or may not lead to real romance. If you do make it to stage 2 in your relationship, though, chemicals become increasingly important. On the one hand, chemicals associated with attraction can make you feel dreamy. On the other hand, they can make you feel anxious or obsessive. People who are in this early phase of falling in love may even sleep less, or lose their appetite!   Phenylethylamine or PEA: This is a chemical that naturally occurs in the brain and is also found in some foods, such as chocolate. It is a stimulant, much like an amphetamine, that causes the release of norepinephrine and dopamine. This chemical is released when you are falling in love. Its responsible for the head-over-heels, elated part of love.Norepinephrine: When PEA causes this chemical to be released, you feel the effects in the form of sweaty palms and a pounding heart.Dopamine: Dopamine is a neurochemical that appears to be associated with mate selection. An Emory University study found that voles (a type of rodent) chose their mate based on dopamine release. When female voles were injected with dopamine in the presence of a male vole, they could select him from a group of voles later. Stage 3: Attachment Now that youre really committed to someone else, chemicals help you stay connected. Oxytocin: Dopamine triggers the release of oxytocin, which is sometimes called the cuddle hormone. In both genders, oxytocin is released during touching. In women, oxytocin is released during labor and breastfeeding.Serotonin: A chemical that is more prevalent among people with compulsive disorders, serotonin can increase our dependence on another person.Endorphins: Your brain acquires a tolerance to the love stimulants and starts to release endorphins. The honeymoon is over, chemically, around 18 months to 4 years into a relationship. However, this isnt all bad.  Endorphins are associated with feelings  of attachment and comfort. Endorphins are like opiates. They calm anxiety, relieve pain and reduce stress.

Market rate of return Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market rate of return - Assignment Example If it is observed that the returns are consistently below the SML line, it will mean that the stock is expected to rise, while if the returns are seen to be consistently above the line, then it will mean that the stock is due for a drop. Graphing the SML for a particular stock requires a stock with a beta that is higher than 1 and this usually outperforms the market, while a beta that is less than 1 implies that it underperforms the market (Shanken, 56). The y-intercept of the SML is equal to risk-free rate. The SML slope is equal to market risk premium and it usually reflects the return trade of a given time. Beta is termed as non-diversifiable or systematic risk. Basing on the generated regression line the equation created is=8.375x-0.166 Going by beta values, the security market line indicates that the relationship between return and risk is linear for the individual securities. For instance, increased return= increased risk. Essentially it indicates what return someone needs to e arn on an investment for it to be worth taking, and this is seen to increase with the investment riskiness. The Security Market Line formula is as below: Required Return = Risk Free Rate + (Beta x [Market Return - Risk Free Rate]) Calculate 95% confidence intervals for the slope and y-intercept. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.997314 R Square 0.994636 Adjusted R Square 0.992848 Standard Error 0.005276 Observations 5 ANOVA Â   df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.015486 0.015486 556.2975 0.000167 Residual 3 8.35E-05 2.78E-05 Total 4 0.01557 Â   Â   Â   Â   Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 0.020428 0.004799 4.256403 0.023776 0.005154 0.035702 0.005154 0.035702 X Variable 1 0.118761 0.005035 23.58596 0.000167 0.102737 0.134786 0.102737 0.134786 RESIDUAL OUTPUT Observation Predicted Y Residuals 1 0.04418 0.00582 2 0.079809 -0.00481 3 0.109499 -0.0045 4 0.162942 0.002058 5 0.19857 0.00143 Look up t he current return on one-year Treasury bills/notes as your risk-free rate. Two good sources. In your report, please state your source and the date used. http://fxtrade.oanda.com/analysis/economic-indicators/united-states/rates/yield-curve Date used; November 29, 2013 My risk free rate is 0.05 Given the current risk-free rate, is the regression estimate of your risk-free rate match the actual current risk-free rate? Use confidence intervals to help answer this question. Basing on the confidence interval calculation above, the regression estimate of my risk free rate does not match the actual current risk-free rate because it falls outside the interval or range of 0.10273 and 0.13478 What is the current expected market rate of return (based on your regression)? Basing on my regression, the current expected market rate of return is as below; Using the equation generated from the regression; Y=8.375x-0.166 The current expected market rate of return is equal to X Therefore X=(y+0.166)/8. 375 But we are given Y which is 0.05. The X will now be (0.05+0.166)/8.375=0.02579 Therefore, the current expected market rate of return is 0.02579 Works Cited Shanken, J.On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models,"Review of Financial Studies, 5(1), 1{33,1992. Print Shanken, J.,and G.

The Historical Value of Turgenev's Fathers and Sons with Gogol's Essay

The Historical Value of Turgenev's Fathers and Sons with Gogol's Inspector General - Essay Example This essay analyzes the Russian history presented in the â€Å"Fathers and sons† by Turgenev and â€Å"Inspector general† by Gogol, that both have outlined historical issues in Russian society in a similar way. The two books have also been contrasted through the characters, themes and the historical allusions. In the novel â€Å"Fathers and sons,† the author shows the difference between two generations of life. During this time, there were cultural differences between the liberals and the growing nihilist uprising. In the other book, the â€Å"Inspector general,† the author has focused on mistaken identity committed in the Russian society. These two books have common similarities and differences, which have been asserted through the mode of translation, the author’s concerns, the cultural and historical differences especially in history and literature. The researcher of this essay has analyzed how the two different authors tried to bring out their c haracters, which reflect the Russian literature in both content and history. The two authors have tried to bring out the foundation for the Russian literature and it portrayed history of the Russian republic. Turgenev reveals struggles that exist within families in his book since he tries to explain what it means to someone’s child or parent. This novel highlights whereby children are disrespectful and revolt against their families or parents. On the other hand, Gogol laid down the establishment or foundation of the 19th century Russian realism with his book that criticized government injustices.

The implications of the Euro-Zone Crisis and Its Impact on India Essay

The implications of the Euro-Zone Crisis and Its Impact on India Economy - Essay Example India is not part of the Euro-zone but it is a recipient of the crisis as the zone forms its larger market in Europe. We shall look more on the Euro-zone crisis; its genesis, forces behind it and the measures taken to deliver it from total breakdown. We shall also be seeking to understand India’s economy and the economic imbalanced it can be if its market is understood. Lastly we shall conclude with the long term effects of the global economy in India. The Euro-zone is a union composed of 18 member countries that use Euro as a common currency. The countries in the Euro zone compose of Netherlands, Slovakia, Italy, Latvia, Ireland, Luxembourg, France, Finland, Germany, Cyprus, Estonia, Austria, Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, Greece, Malta and Portugal, (EU publication office 2009, 23). The euro zone is under European central bank that is governed by a president. It also has a board that oversees the working of the bank. The bank is mandated to see that inflation is put under control. There is also the euro group that makes decisions regarding the politics of the union and the euro (Gupta & Gupta 2010, 42). In the late 2000, there was a financial crisis and the Euro group acted by establishing provisions that would allow the group to give emergency loans to member countries in return for endorsement of economic reforms. These helped the member countries to get onto their feet from the high-unanticipated inflation that had taken centre stage in the many countries (Singh 1997, 82). Many countries member of the Euro zone do not use the Euro currency as the main currency in their countries but use it to do business in the Euro zone and European Union at large. There are other countries that are part of the European Union but do not fall under the Euro zone. These countries include; Andorra, San Marino and Vatican City. They use Euro as their currency (European communities 2004, 94) A number of factors caused the Euro zone crisis. These included

User Adoption Momentum of E Banking In Malaysia

User Adoption Momentum of E Banking In Malaysia In the era of globalization and with the increasing competition in all the fields around the world many companies have modified their strategies so they can reach their customers around the world easier and cheaper. However the rapid growth of systems that rely on electronic technology especially those relating to the Internet and personal computer- led to a significant change in the exchanging of products and services. Many  Service organizations have adopted modern technology to reduce costs and enhance customer service quality, delivery, and standardize core service offerings. In addition a lot of non-banking companies entered the banking industry by offering products and financial services, giving the customers a lot of options and alternatives to carry out their banking transactions, this difficulty of the business process in the financial sector forces the banks to develop an alternative technological channel to attract customers and improve their perception. The rapid technological diffusion makes the internet the best way to provide customers with banking services regardless of the limits of time and geography. And thats what makes banks  consider the  internet as an important part of their strategic plans. Internet technology has changed the design and the way of delivering the financial services and as a result the banking industry has made continuous innovations especially in the field of communications and information technology that ultimately led to the emergence of the idea of what is known as the online banking. Banking services through the internet is a way to keep the existing customers and attract others to the bank, In this paper we define online banking as an internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investments (Pikkarainen et al., 2004). Compared to the traditional approach, online banking is an inexpensive straightforward way to conduct banking business, exchange of personalized information and buying and selling goods and services from any place at any time. Despite the many benefits provided by this service to the bank and its customers, it remains a double-edged sword and not used by every customer, because the increasing distance between the bank and customers may lead to lack of confidence and an increasing in security concerns. As a result, the quality of electronic banking services become an important area of attention among the researchers and banks managers due to its strong influence on the business performance, lower costs, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability (Seth et al., 2004). The main objective of this study is to focus on the importance of understanding the customers perception about internet banking by investigating and measuring the impact of selected factors such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), security and privacy (PC) and how they can influence the customer acceptance to conduct banking transactions via the internet, Based on the empirical data collected from individual customers in Bahrain. In the next section we will give some background information about the internet banking sector and review the relevant literature in this area, the following section describes the research methodology, which is then followed by the data analysis and the results from the survey, The paper concludes with a discussion, outlining the implications of the findings and the limitations of the study. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) External variables Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Behavioral intention Actual system use Figure 1: The original Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a perfect model which show how users accept and use a technology. In (TAM) the main determinants of users acceptance of new technology are perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) (Davis, 1989). Although (Chen and Barnes 2007; T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. 2006) found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and security and privacy affect customer adaptation intentions, Qureshi et al., (2008) claimed that Perceived usefulness, security and privacy are the main perusing factors to accept online banking system. Celik (2008) stated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are direct determinants of customers attitudes towards using internet Banking. Traditional service quality and website features (PU, PEOU and PC) that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking (Yap, K et al. 2010). Aderonke and Charles. (2010) found that Banks customers who are active users of e-Banking system use it because it is convenient, easy to use, time saving and appropriate for their transaction needs. Also the network security and the security of the system in terms of privacy are the major concerns of the users and constitute hindrance to intending users. Yap, K et al. (2010) claimed that Traditional service quality and website features that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking. Sadeghi and Hanzaee. (2010) found that According to the model of seven factors on the following dimensions: convenience, accessibility, accuracy, security, usefulness, bank image, and web site design. Some of these factors illustrate a significant statistical difference between males and females. Safeena et al. (2009) found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, consumer awareness and perceived risk are the important determinants of online banking adoption. These factors have a strong and positive effect on customers to accept online banking system. Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009) found that TAM beliefs and perceived risks (security, privacy, performance and social) have a direct influence on e-banking adoption. Trust appears as a key variable that reduces perceived risk. Involvement plays an important role in increasing perceived ease of use. Riyadh et al. (2009) stated that Seven variables affecting e-banking adoption by SMEs are identified. They are: organizational capabilities, perceived benefits, perceived credibility, perceived regulatory support, ICT industries readiness, lack of financial institutions readiness and institutional influence. Al-Somali et al. (2009) found that the quality of the Internet connection, the awareness of online banking and its benefits, the social influence and computer self-efficacy have significant effects on the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of online banking acceptance. Education, trust and resistance to change also have significant impact on the attitude towards the likelihood of adopting online banking. Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008) noted that perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and privacy, and customer attitude are significantly and positively related to customer adaptation. Hanudin Amin. (2007) found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived credibility had a significant relationship with behavioral intention. Further, these measures are good determinant for undergraduate acceptance for internet banking. Results also suggest that PU and PEOU had a significant relationship with computer self-efficacy. Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) found that perceived usefulness, ease of use, security, responsiveness and convenience significantly influence customer interactions with Internet e-banking. In particular, individuals would place a great emphasis on the security of Internet-based financial transactions. As a conventional practice, commercial banks and financial institutions must continuously review security policy and strengthen the security control of Internet e-banking Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) found that all elements for ten identified factors are significant with respect to the users adoption of e-banking services. Privacy and security are the major sources of dissatisfaction, which have momentously impacted users satisfaction. Meanwhile, accessibility, convenience, design and content are sources of satisfaction. Besides, the speed, product features availability, and reasonable service fees and charges, as well as the banks operations management factor are critical to the success of the e-banks. WAP, GPRS and 3G features from mobile devices are of no significance or influence in the adoption of e-banking services in this study. Results also reveal that privacy; security and convenience factors play an important role in determining the users acceptance of e-banking services with respect to different segmentation of age group, education level and income level. Padachi et al. (2007) found that the most significant factor is ease of use and that other important elements featured reluctance to change, trust and relationship in banker, cost of computers, internet accessibility, convenience of use, and security concerns. Chen, Y. H. and Barnes, S. (2007) pointed out that perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize are the important antecedents to online initial trust. It is also discovered that different levels of trust propensity moderate perceptions toward the web site and online with respect to online initial trust, including perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize. Both online initial trust and familiarity with online purchasing have a positive impact on purchase intention. T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. (2006) found that The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customers intention of adoption of IB. This study contributes to the literature by formulating and validating TAM to predict IB adoption, and its findings provide useful information for bank management in formulating IB marketing strategies. We analyzed the data using Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships, if any, among the constructs, which include Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Web Security as independent variables, Perceived Usefulness and Attitude as intervening variables, and Intention to Use as the dependent variable. The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customers intention of adoption of IB Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) found that there was a correlation between respondents attitudes towards e-banking and their comfort level and feeling of security with regard to their age, level of education, and annual salary. 2.1 Perceived ease of use (PEOU) Safeena et al. (2009), Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008), Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) and Amin. (2007) stated that perceived ease of use have a strong and positive influence on customers intention to adopt and use internet banking. 2.2 Perceived usefulness (PU) Several studies showed that perceived usefulness influence customer interactions with internet banking, which effect the adoption of e-banking services (Sadeghi and Hanzaee. 2010; Safeena et al. 2009; Al-Somali et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N. 2008; Hanudin Amin. 2007, Z Liao and WK Wong.2008 ). 2.3 Perceived credibility (PC) Previous research has shown that security and privacy are the most concern for consumer, which have a direct or indirect influence on e-banking adoption (Aderonke and Charles, 2010; Sadeghi and Hanzaee, 2010; Alda ´s-Manzano et al., 2009; Riyadh et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N., 2008; Z Liao and WK Wong., 2008). Privacy put barriers on using online services (Hernandez and Mazzon, 2007). Moreover, Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) and Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) noted that privacy and security factors play an important role in determining the users acceptance of e-banking services with regard to age, education level and income level. 3.CHALLENGES 4.1 RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESES The model of the study is presented below: Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Perceived credibility Intention to use Electronic Banking The representation of the proposed framework depicted the pattern and structure of relationships between the set of the measured variables. The purpose of the study is to measure correlations among variables and then use it to identify whether any relationships exists between these measured variables or not. We will extended TAM and add PC into the framework to test the effect of these three factors on e-banking adaption. In the extended model of TAM study, like (Safeena et al. 2009; Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009); Hanudin Amin, 2007), the attitudes factor has been neglected to simplify the model. The present study investigated the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility and customer intention to use electronic banking in Bahrain. Here perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived credibility, were being considered as independent variables and customer intention to use electronic banking was being considered as a dependent variable. Perceived usefulness According to the Davis (1989) and Davis et al. (1989), perceived usefulness is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance. Perceived usefulness is defined as the individuals perception that using the new technology will enhance or improve her/his performance (Davis,1993). In Addition, Laforet and Li, (2005) and Eriksson et al., (2005) defined the term perceived usefulness as the subjective probability that using the technology would improve the way a user could complete. We hypothesize that People tend to use an application to the extent they believe it will aid their performance. H1: Perceived usefulness (PU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived ease of use According to Davis (1989) perceived ease of use refers to the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. The most significant factor on adoption Internet Banking is ease of use. (Padachi et al., 2007). Hence an application perceived to be easier to use than another is more likely to be accepted by users. And By applying these to electronic banking context we can hypothesize that: H2: Perceived ease of use (PEOU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived Credibility Perceived credibility is defined as the degree to which a user feels the certainty and pleasant consequences of using an electronic application service, when there is no financial risk, physical risk, functional risk, social risk, time-loss risk, opportunity cost risk, and information risk Jacoby and Kaplan (1972). However, (Ganesan,1994) present another definition of PC stating it as the extent to which one partner believes that the other partner has the required expertise to perform the job effectively and reliably. PC is usually impersonal and relies on reputation, information and economic reasoning (Ba and Pavlou,2002). Wang et al. (2003) stated that perceived credibility is consists of two important elements namely privacy and security, which affect directly consumer adaptation of electronic banking systems. Security refers to the protection of information or systems from unauthorized intrusions (Egwali, 2008). For the purpose of this research, perceived credibility (PC) is defined as users perception of protection of their transaction details and personal data against unauthorized access. Therefore, for studying the effect of perceived credibility on users acceptance in Bahrain electronic banking services, we pose the following hypothesis to determine it effect on users intention H3: perceived credibility has positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. 4. Methodology To assess the factors influencing the intention to use internet banking in Bahrain, a survey was conducted during the last quarter of year 2010. A Questionnaire were designed and distributed to retail users of banking services of different age group and of different educational level attained across the island. Survey Instrument The questionnaire we prepared for this exercise was divided into 2 sections. The first section concentrates on the general profile of the respondent including his/her age group, education level and profession and income group. In the second section we were interested in finding the factors affecting the customer intention to use internet banking in Bahrain. The respondents were provided with a list of 10 questions; 4 questions on perceived usefulness, 2 questions on perceived ease of use, 3 questions on perceived credibility and finally 1 question on intention to use. The participants were asked to indicate their perception on a likert scales (1- 5) with response ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The collected data were analyzed based on correlation and regression analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17computer program. Data collection The questionnaires were distributed directly among the customers through the researchers friends and relatives, a sample of 400 people was randomly chosen from the Bahraini community, all participants were bank customers selected randomly from universities, malls, Internet cafÃÆ' ©s and businessmen from private and public sectors. Also A digital online form was created using Google Documents in the same questionnaire style, Then the link was shared and publicized to Bahrainis through email as well as posting it on discussion forums. Once a subject would answer the questionnaire, the raw data will automatically be logged in a spreadsheet which can be only accessed and downloaded by the researcher. Since the questionnaire form was to be submitted online it guaranteed two things: First, it targeted people who really access the internet. Second, because all questions are need to be answered before submitting. The collection of data will be done automatically, efficiently and there wont be any loss of data The questionnaire we prepared and used had been pre-tested initially with a few number of people (5 users) working in different sectors to ensure consistency, clarity and relevance to the Bahraini case, Minor changes (related to the questions content, wording, sequence) were requested by those people, which we implemented before carrying out the final copy. A total of 200 useable responses were obtained yielding a response rate of 50% (200/400). Demographic profile of respondents: variable category Frequency Valid Percentage Age 18 25 25 35 35 45 45 yrs and above Gender Male Female Education Secondary and below Diploma Bachelor High studies Occupation Government sector Private Sector Self-employment Others Monthly Income in BD Less than 500 500-1000 1000 and above Assumptions or Limitations For this research, the following limitation existed in the collection of data, the survey assumed that the respondents have some familiarity with banks and banking transactions and have been exposed to or have knowledge of the existence of e-banking alternatives. For these responses in particular, it was difficult to ensure the true validity of the responses or the identity of the respondent. REFERENCES Aderonke and Charles. (2010). An Empirical Investigation of the Level of Users Acceptance of E-Banking in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol. 15 (1). Al-Somali, S.A., Gholami, R. and Clegg, B.(2009). An investigation into the acceptance of online banking in Saudi Arabia. Technovation, vol. 29, pp.130-141. Al Nahian Riyadh, Md. Shahriar Akter , Nayeema Islam. (2009). The adoption of e-banking in developing countries: A theoretical model for SMEs. International Review of Business Research Papers, vol. 5 (6), pp.212-230. Ba, S. and Pavlou, P.A (2002). Evidence of the effect of trust building technology in electronic market: price premiums and buyer behavior.MIS Quarterly, vol. 26 (3), pp. 243-68. Celik, H. (2008). What Determines Turkish customers acceptance of internet banking? International Journal of Bank Marketing. Vol. 26 (5): 353-370. Chen, Y. H. and Barnes, S. (2007), Initial Trust and Online Buyer Behaviour, Industrial Management Data Systems, 107(1): 21-36. Davis, F. D. (1989), Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology, MIS Quarterly,13 (3): 319-339. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. and Warshaw, P. R. (1989), User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models, Management Science, 35(8): 982-1003. Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies,38, 475-487. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1109-1130. Egwali A. O., Customer Perception of Security Indicators in Online Banking Sites in Nigeria, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2008, vol. 13, no.3. Eriksson K, Kerem K, Nilsson D (2005). Customer acceptance of internet banking in Estonia, International Journal of Bank Market, vol. 23 (2), pp. 200-216. Ganesan, S.(1994), Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, Vol.58 (2), pp.1-19 Hanudin Amin (2007). Internet Banking Adoption Among Young Intellectuals. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2007, vol. 12 (3) Jacoby, J., Kaplan, L. B. (1972). The components of perceived risk. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research, College Park, MD. Joaquin Alda ´s-Manzano, Carlos Lassala-Navarre, Carla Ruiz-Mafe and Silvia Sanz-Blas. (2009). Key drivers of internet banking services use , Online Information Review, Vol. 33 (4), pp. 672-695. Laforet S, Li X (2005). Consumers attitudes towards online and mobile banking in China. International Journal Bank Market vol. 23 (5), pp. 362-380. Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005). A Study of E-Banking Security Perceptions and Customer Satisfaction Issues. Nadim Jahangir and Noorjahan Begum. (2008). The role of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security and privacy, and customer attitude to engender customer adaptation in the context of electronic banking. African Journal of Business Management, vol.2 (1), pp. 032-040. Padachi, Rojid, Seetanah.(2007). Analyzing the Factors that Influence the Adoption of Internet Banking in Mauritius. Patrick, T. (2002). Corporate Privacy Credibility Crumbles. Computer world, March, 4(10). Pikkarainen, T., Pikkarainen, K., Karijaluoto, H. and Pahnila, S. (2004), Customer acceptance of on-line banking: an extension of the technology acceptance model, Internet Research, vol. 14(3), pp. 224-235 Qureshi, T.M., Zafar, M.K and Khan, M.B. (2008). Customer Acceptance of Online Banking in Developing Economies. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, Vol. 13 (1). Safeena, Abdullah and Hema. ( 2010). Customer Perspectives on E-business Value: Case Study on Internet Banking. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol. 15 (1). Seth, N., S.G. Deshmukh and P. Vrat, 2004. Service quality models: A review, International Journal Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 22(9), pp. 36-51. T.C. Edwin Cheng, David Y.C. Lam and Andy C.L. Yeung. (2006) Adoption of internet banking: An empirical study in Hong Kong. Decision Support Systems, vol. 42 (3), pp 1558-1572 Tooraj Sadeghi and Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee. (2010). Customer satisfaction factors (CSFs) with online banking services in an Islamic country I.R. Iran. Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 1 (3), pp. 249-267 Wai-Ching Poon . (2008). Users adoption of e-banking services. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 23 (1), pp. 59-69 Wang, Y., Lin, H., Tang, T. (2003). Determinants of user acceptance of internet banking: an empirical study. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(5), 501-519 Yap, K., D. Wong, C. Loh, and R. Bak (2010). Offline and online banking where to draw the line when building trust in e-banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 28(1), p.27-46 Z Liao and WK Wong. ( 2008). The determinants of customer interactions with internet-enabled e-banking services. Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 59 (9). User Adoption Momentum of E Banking In Malaysia User Adoption Momentum of E Banking In Malaysia In the era of globalization and with the increasing competition in all the fields around the world many companies have modified their strategies so they can reach their customers around the world easier and cheaper. However the rapid growth of systems that rely on electronic technology especially those relating to the Internet and personal computer- led to a significant change in the exchanging of products and services. Many  Service organizations have adopted modern technology to reduce costs and enhance customer service quality, delivery, and standardize core service offerings. In addition a lot of non-banking companies entered the banking industry by offering products and financial services, giving the customers a lot of options and alternatives to carry out their banking transactions, this difficulty of the business process in the financial sector forces the banks to develop an alternative technological channel to attract customers and improve their perception. The rapid technological diffusion makes the internet the best way to provide customers with banking services regardless of the limits of time and geography. And thats what makes banks  consider the  internet as an important part of their strategic plans. Internet technology has changed the design and the way of delivering the financial services and as a result the banking industry has made continuous innovations especially in the field of communications and information technology that ultimately led to the emergence of the idea of what is known as the online banking. Banking services through the internet is a way to keep the existing customers and attract others to the bank, In this paper we define online banking as an internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investments (Pikkarainen et al., 2004). Compared to the traditional approach, online banking is an inexpensive straightforward way to conduct banking business, exchange of personalized information and buying and selling goods and services from any place at any time. Despite the many benefits provided by this service to the bank and its customers, it remains a double-edged sword and not used by every customer, because the increasing distance between the bank and customers may lead to lack of confidence and an increasing in security concerns. As a result, the quality of electronic banking services become an important area of attention among the researchers and banks managers due to its strong influence on the business performance, lower costs, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability (Seth et al., 2004). The main objective of this study is to focus on the importance of understanding the customers perception about internet banking by investigating and measuring the impact of selected factors such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), security and privacy (PC) and how they can influence the customer acceptance to conduct banking transactions via the internet, Based on the empirical data collected from individual customers in Bahrain. In the next section we will give some background information about the internet banking sector and review the relevant literature in this area, the following section describes the research methodology, which is then followed by the data analysis and the results from the survey, The paper concludes with a discussion, outlining the implications of the findings and the limitations of the study. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) External variables Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Behavioral intention Actual system use Figure 1: The original Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a perfect model which show how users accept and use a technology. In (TAM) the main determinants of users acceptance of new technology are perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) (Davis, 1989). Although (Chen and Barnes 2007; T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. 2006) found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and security and privacy affect customer adaptation intentions, Qureshi et al., (2008) claimed that Perceived usefulness, security and privacy are the main perusing factors to accept online banking system. Celik (2008) stated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are direct determinants of customers attitudes towards using internet Banking. Traditional service quality and website features (PU, PEOU and PC) that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking (Yap, K et al. 2010). Aderonke and Charles. (2010) found that Banks customers who are active users of e-Banking system use it because it is convenient, easy to use, time saving and appropriate for their transaction needs. Also the network security and the security of the system in terms of privacy are the major concerns of the users and constitute hindrance to intending users. Yap, K et al. (2010) claimed that Traditional service quality and website features that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking. Sadeghi and Hanzaee. (2010) found that According to the model of seven factors on the following dimensions: convenience, accessibility, accuracy, security, usefulness, bank image, and web site design. Some of these factors illustrate a significant statistical difference between males and females. Safeena et al. (2009) found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, consumer awareness and perceived risk are the important determinants of online banking adoption. These factors have a strong and positive effect on customers to accept online banking system. Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009) found that TAM beliefs and perceived risks (security, privacy, performance and social) have a direct influence on e-banking adoption. Trust appears as a key variable that reduces perceived risk. Involvement plays an important role in increasing perceived ease of use. Riyadh et al. (2009) stated that Seven variables affecting e-banking adoption by SMEs are identified. They are: organizational capabilities, perceived benefits, perceived credibility, perceived regulatory support, ICT industries readiness, lack of financial institutions readiness and institutional influence. Al-Somali et al. (2009) found that the quality of the Internet connection, the awareness of online banking and its benefits, the social influence and computer self-efficacy have significant effects on the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of online banking acceptance. Education, trust and resistance to change also have significant impact on the attitude towards the likelihood of adopting online banking. Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008) noted that perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and privacy, and customer attitude are significantly and positively related to customer adaptation. Hanudin Amin. (2007) found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived credibility had a significant relationship with behavioral intention. Further, these measures are good determinant for undergraduate acceptance for internet banking. Results also suggest that PU and PEOU had a significant relationship with computer self-efficacy. Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) found that perceived usefulness, ease of use, security, responsiveness and convenience significantly influence customer interactions with Internet e-banking. In particular, individuals would place a great emphasis on the security of Internet-based financial transactions. As a conventional practice, commercial banks and financial institutions must continuously review security policy and strengthen the security control of Internet e-banking Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) found that all elements for ten identified factors are significant with respect to the users adoption of e-banking services. Privacy and security are the major sources of dissatisfaction, which have momentously impacted users satisfaction. Meanwhile, accessibility, convenience, design and content are sources of satisfaction. Besides, the speed, product features availability, and reasonable service fees and charges, as well as the banks operations management factor are critical to the success of the e-banks. WAP, GPRS and 3G features from mobile devices are of no significance or influence in the adoption of e-banking services in this study. Results also reveal that privacy; security and convenience factors play an important role in determining the users acceptance of e-banking services with respect to different segmentation of age group, education level and income level. Padachi et al. (2007) found that the most significant factor is ease of use and that other important elements featured reluctance to change, trust and relationship in banker, cost of computers, internet accessibility, convenience of use, and security concerns. Chen, Y. H. and Barnes, S. (2007) pointed out that perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize are the important antecedents to online initial trust. It is also discovered that different levels of trust propensity moderate perceptions toward the web site and online with respect to online initial trust, including perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize. Both online initial trust and familiarity with online purchasing have a positive impact on purchase intention. T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. (2006) found that The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customers intention of adoption of IB. This study contributes to the literature by formulating and validating TAM to predict IB adoption, and its findings provide useful information for bank management in formulating IB marketing strategies. We analyzed the data using Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships, if any, among the constructs, which include Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Web Security as independent variables, Perceived Usefulness and Attitude as intervening variables, and Intention to Use as the dependent variable. The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customers intention of adoption of IB Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) found that there was a correlation between respondents attitudes towards e-banking and their comfort level and feeling of security with regard to their age, level of education, and annual salary. 2.1 Perceived ease of use (PEOU) Safeena et al. (2009), Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008), Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) and Amin. (2007) stated that perceived ease of use have a strong and positive influence on customers intention to adopt and use internet banking. 2.2 Perceived usefulness (PU) Several studies showed that perceived usefulness influence customer interactions with internet banking, which effect the adoption of e-banking services (Sadeghi and Hanzaee. 2010; Safeena et al. 2009; Al-Somali et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N. 2008; Hanudin Amin. 2007, Z Liao and WK Wong.2008 ). 2.3 Perceived credibility (PC) Previous research has shown that security and privacy are the most concern for consumer, which have a direct or indirect influence on e-banking adoption (Aderonke and Charles, 2010; Sadeghi and Hanzaee, 2010; Alda ´s-Manzano et al., 2009; Riyadh et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N., 2008; Z Liao and WK Wong., 2008). Privacy put barriers on using online services (Hernandez and Mazzon, 2007). Moreover, Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) and Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) noted that privacy and security factors play an important role in determining the users acceptance of e-banking services with regard to age, education level and income level. 3.CHALLENGES 4.1 RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESES The model of the study is presented below: Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Perceived credibility Intention to use Electronic Banking The representation of the proposed framework depicted the pattern and structure of relationships between the set of the measured variables. The purpose of the study is to measure correlations among variables and then use it to identify whether any relationships exists between these measured variables or not. We will extended TAM and add PC into the framework to test the effect of these three factors on e-banking adaption. In the extended model of TAM study, like (Safeena et al. 2009; Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009); Hanudin Amin, 2007), the attitudes factor has been neglected to simplify the model. The present study investigated the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility and customer intention to use electronic banking in Bahrain. Here perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived credibility, were being considered as independent variables and customer intention to use electronic banking was being considered as a dependent variable. Perceived usefulness According to the Davis (1989) and Davis et al. (1989), perceived usefulness is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance. Perceived usefulness is defined as the individuals perception that using the new technology will enhance or improve her/his performance (Davis,1993). In Addition, Laforet and Li, (2005) and Eriksson et al., (2005) defined the term perceived usefulness as the subjective probability that using the technology would improve the way a user could complete. We hypothesize that People tend to use an application to the extent they believe it will aid their performance. H1: Perceived usefulness (PU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived ease of use According to Davis (1989) perceived ease of use refers to the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. The most significant factor on adoption Internet Banking is ease of use. (Padachi et al., 2007). Hence an application perceived to be easier to use than another is more likely to be accepted by users. And By applying these to electronic banking context we can hypothesize that: H2: Perceived ease of use (PEOU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived Credibility Perceived credibility is defined as the degree to which a user feels the certainty and pleasant consequences of using an electronic application service, when there is no financial risk, physical risk, functional risk, social risk, time-loss risk, opportunity cost risk, and information risk Jacoby and Kaplan (1972). However, (Ganesan,1994) present another definition of PC stating it as the extent to which one partner believes that the other partner has the required expertise to perform the job effectively and reliably. PC is usually impersonal and relies on reputation, information and economic reasoning (Ba and Pavlou,2002). Wang et al. (2003) stated that perceived credibility is consists of two important elements namely privacy and security, which affect directly consumer adaptation of electronic banking systems. Security refers to the protection of information or systems from unauthorized intrusions (Egwali, 2008). For the purpose of this research, perceived credibility (PC) is defined as users perception of protection of their transaction details and personal data against unauthorized access. Therefore, for studying the effect of perceived credibility on users acceptance in Bahrain electronic banking services, we pose the following hypothesis to determine it effect on users intention H3: perceived credibility has positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. 4. Methodology To assess the factors influencing the intention to use internet banking in Bahrain, a survey was conducted during the last quarter of year 2010. A Questionnaire were designed and distributed to retail users of banking services of different age group and of different educational level attained across the island. Survey Instrument The questionnaire we prepared for this exercise was divided into 2 sections. The first section concentrates on the general profile of the respondent including his/her age group, education level and profession and income group. In the second section we were interested in finding the factors affecting the customer intention to use internet banking in Bahrain. The respondents were provided with a list of 10 questions; 4 questions on perceived usefulness, 2 questions on perceived ease of use, 3 questions on perceived credibility and finally 1 question on intention to use. The participants were asked to indicate their perception on a likert scales (1- 5) with response ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The collected data were analyzed based on correlation and regression analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17computer program. Data collection The questionnaires were distributed directly among the customers through the researchers friends and relatives, a sample of 400 people was randomly chosen from the Bahraini community, all participants were bank customers selected randomly from universities, malls, Internet cafÃÆ' ©s and businessmen from private and public sectors. Also A digital online form was created using Google Documents in the same questionnaire style, Then the link was shared and publicized to Bahrainis through email as well as posting it on discussion forums. Once a subject would answer the questionnaire, the raw data will automatically be logged in a spreadsheet which can be only accessed and downloaded by the researcher. Since the questionnaire form was to be submitted online it guaranteed two things: First, it targeted people who really access the internet. Second, because all questions are need to be answered before submitting. The collection of data will be done automatically, efficiently and there wont be any loss of data The questionnaire we prepared and used had been pre-tested initially with a few number of people (5 users) working in different sectors to ensure consistency, clarity and relevance to the Bahraini case, Minor changes (related to the questions content, wording, sequence) were requested by those people, which we implemented before carrying out the final copy. A total of 200 useable responses were obtained yielding a response rate of 50% (200/400). 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